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1		-Collabs.openminds.openMINDS core.WebHome
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10	10	Please find below a documentation of the layout and requirements needed to keep the openMINDS modularity, the syntax of the openMINDS schema template, as well as the openMINDS integration pipeline.
11	11	)))
12	12
13		-=== Overview of the openMINDS layout ===
	13	+=== The openMINDS umbrella ===
14	14
15	15	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
16	16	In summary, openMINDS is the overall umbrella for a set of distributed GitHub repositories, each defining a particular metadata model for neuroscience research products.
17	17
18		-=== The openMINDS schema template syntax ===
19		-
20	20	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
21		-All openMINDS metadata models use a light-weighted schema template syntax for defining the expected metadata. The correspondingly formatted schema files use the extension: **##.schema.tpl.json##**.
	19	+The main (or central) [[openMINDS GitHub repository>>https://github.com/HumanBrainProject/openMINDS||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] ingests all these GitHub repositories as [[git-submodules>>https://git-scm.com/docs/git-submodule||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]. Furthermore it stores the openMINDS vocabulary (**##vocab##**), providing general definitions and references for **types** and **properties** used in schemas across all openMINDS repositories (cf. below). And last but not least, it holds the schema representations for all supported metadata formats created by the openMINDS integration pipeline (cf. below).
22	22
23	23	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
24		-Although, as the file extension suggests, this openMINDS schema template syntax is inspired by JSON-Schema, it facilitates or even excludes technical aspects that are generally expected for the openMINDS schemas making them more human-readable, especially for untrained eyes. Behind the scenes, within the openMINDS integration pipeline (cf. below), this schema template syntax is then interpreted and flexibly translated to various formal metadata formats (e.g., JSON-Schema).
	22	+For this to work smoothly for the existing, but also for all new openMINDS metadata models, the corresponding openMINDS submodules (GitHub repositories) have to meet the following requirements:
25	25
26	26	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
27		-Despite the simplification in comparison to JSON-Schema, the openMINDS schema templates are also, at the core, specially formatted JSON files using a particular syntax, meaning special key-value pairs that define the validation rules of a schema.
	25	+**(1)** The openMINDS metadata model has to be located on a **public GitHub repository** and published under an **MIT license**.
28	28
29	29	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
30		-Please find in the following a full documentation of the openMINDS schema template syntax and how it's key-value pairs need to be defined and interpreted.
	28	+**(2)** The GitHub repository should have at least one **version branch** (e.g., "v1").
31	31
32	32	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
33		-===== Target & concept templates =====
	31	+**(3)** The version branch should have the following **main directory folders**: **##schemas##** (required), **##tests##** (recommended),  **##examples##** (recommended), and **##img##** (optional).
34	34
35	35	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
36		-Same as in JSON-Schema, all openMINDS schema templates define the expected name (written in **##lowerCamelCase##**) and value of the metadata, typically called property, under the key **##properties##** as nested dictionaries. Furthermore, the names of obligatory metadata can be listed under the key **##required##**. Here a generalized example:
	34	+**(4)** The **##schemas##** folder should contain the schemas of that metadata model implemented in the **openMINDS schema template syntax** (cf. below). The directory of the schemas can be further structured or flat.
37	37
38		-{{code language="json"}}
39		-{
40		- "properties": {
41		- "propertyNameA": {},
42		- "propertyNameB": {},
43		- "propertyNameC": {}
44		- },
45		- "required": [
46		- "propertyNameA",
47		- "propertyNameC"
48		- ]
49		-}
50		-{{/code}}
51		-
52	52	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
53		-In addition, an openMINDS schema //has to have// a key **##"_type"##** to be recognized as **target template**. In other words, the **##"_type"##** is used to define the openMINDS namespace of a corresponding schema using a particular naming convention. Here again a generalized example:
	37	+**(5)** The **##tests##** folder should contain test-instances (JSON-LDs) for the schemas in a flat directory. The file names for these test-instances should follow the convention of
54	54
55		-{{code language="json"}}
56		-{
57		- "_type": "https:~/~/openminds.ebrains.eu/<<schema-model>>/<<schema-name>>",
58		- "properties": {}
59		-}
60		-{{/code}}
	39	+(% style="text-align: center;" %)
	40	+**##<<XXX>>-<<YYY>>.jsonld##**
61	61
62	62	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
63		-Note that **##<<schema-model>>##** has to be replaced with the label of the openMINDS metadata model to which the corresponding schema belongs to, and **##<<schema-name>>##** has to be replaced with the corresponding name of the schema (written in **##CamelCase##**).
	43	+for files that should pass the tests, and
64	64
65		-(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
66		-If an openMINDS schema template //does not// define a key **##"_type"##** (as in the first example above), it is interpreted as a **concept template** which //has to be// extended to a target template.
	45	+(% style="text-align: center;" %)
	46	+**##<<XXX>>-<<YYY>>-nok.jsonld##**
67	67
68	68	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
69		-Concept templates are and should be used when multiple target templates have the same subset of properties, because they facilitate the long-term maintenance of those shared properties: Instead of defining the same properties repeatedly within multiple target templates, the common subset can be defined within a single concept template and passed on to all extending target templates.
	49	+for files that should fail the test. In both cases, **##<<XXX>>##** should be replaced with the label of the schema that is tested, and **##<<YYY>>##** with a user defined label for what aspect is tested (e.g., **##person-withoutCI.jsonld##**).
70	70
71	71	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
72		-To define that a target template is the extension of a concept template, the target template can state under **##"_extends"##** the relative path to the concept template. For example, the openMINDS core target template **##Dataset##** extends the core concept template **##researchProduct##** as indicated here:
	52	+**(6)** The **##examples##** folder should contain examples for valid instance collections for that metadata model. Each example should receive its own directory (folder) with a **##README.md##** describing the example, and an **##metadataCollection##** subfolder containing the openMINDS instances (JSON-LDs). This subfolder can be further structured or flat.
73	73
74		-{{code language="json"}}
75		-{
76		- "_type": "https:~/~/openminds.ebrains.eu/core/Dataset",
77		- "_extends": "products/researchProduct.schema.tpl.json"
78		-}
79		-{{/code}}
80		-
81	81	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
82		-Note that this convention requires the concept and corresponding target templates to be located in the same openMINDS metadata model repository. Note also that for properties, the following rules apply for target and concept template:
	55	+**(7)** The **##img##** folder should contain image files used on that GitHub repository (e.g., the logo of the new openMINDS metadata model). The directory of the images can be further structured or flat.
83	83
84		-1. A concept template has to define some properties which will be inherited by all extending target templates.
85		-1. If a concept template additionally states that some of these properties are required, all extending target templates will require the same properties.
86		-1. A target template can require properties of the concept template, that are not explicitly required within the concept template. In such a case, the other target templates extending the same concept template will not require those properties.
87		-1. A target template can (but does not have to) define and require additional properties that were not defined and required in the concept template. These additionally defined and required properties will not be shared with the other target templates extending the same concept template.
	57	+=== The openMINDS vocabulary ===
88	88
89	89	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
90		-How to define the expected value of a property will be explained for the different property types in the following sections.
	60	+Through the integration pipeline of the openMINDS generator, the openMINDS vocabulary is automatically gathered and stored in the main openMINDS GitHub in order to centrally maintain general definitions and references for **types** and **properties** used in schemas across all openMINDS repositories. How this works is explained in the following.
91	91
92	92	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
93		-===== Properties expecting a string value =====
	63	+Schema types and properties are stored in dedicated JSON files (**##types.json##** and **##properties.json##**) under the folder **##vocab##** located in the main openMINDS GitHub directory. Each schema type and property occurring in the openMINDS metadata models is automatically represented in those files as nested dictionaries. Here a cutout of the **##types.json##**:
94	94
95		-(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
96		-Properties that expect values of type string can be defined in large parts in the same way as in JSON-Schema. Without any further formatting requirements the definition of such a property looks like this:
97		-
98	98	{{code language="json"}}
99	99	{
100		- "properties": {
101		- "freeStringProperty": {
102		- "type": "string"
103		- }
104		- }
	67	+ ...,
	68	+ "https://openminds.ebrains.eu/core/Person": {
	69	+ "description": "Structured information on a person (alive or dead).",
	70	+ "name": "Person",
	71	+ "translatableTo": [
	72	+ "https://schema.org/Person"
	73	+ ]
	74	+ },
	75	+ ...
105	105	}
106	106	{{/code}}
107	107
108		-(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
109		-In accordance with JSON-Schema, it is possible, though, to further define a selected list of built-in formats that are accepted for the expected string. Supported are all [[built-in formats of JSON-Schema Draft 7.0>>https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/string.html#built-in-formats||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]. Assuming that my string property only accepts a value of format "email", the openMINDS syntax is the following:
	79	+... and a cutout of the **##properties.json##**:
110	110
111	111	{{code language="json"}}
112	112	{
113		- "properties": {
114		- "emailProperty": {
115		- "type": "string",
116		- "_formats": [
117		- "email"
118		- ]
119		- }
120		- }
	83	+ ...,
	84	+ "givenName": {
	85	+ "description": "Name given to a person, including all potential middle names, but excluding the family name.",
	86	+ "name": "Given name",
	87	+ "nameForReverseLink": "Is given name of",
	88	+ "sameAs": [
	89	+ "https://schema.org/givenName"
	90	+ ],
	91	+ "schemas": [
	92	+ "core/v3/actors/person.schema.tpl.json"
	93	+ ]
	94	+ },
	95	+ ...
121	121	}
122	122	{{/code}}
123	123
124	124	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
125		-Also like JSON-Schema, it is possible to define a customized regular expression pattern for the expected string, supporting the [[ECMA-262 regex-dialect>>https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-262/]]. Assuming that my string property only accepts a Gregorian calendar year, the corresponding openMINDS syntax look like this:
	100	+The keywords of those nested dictionaries are pre-defined to consistently capture for all schema types and properties their namespace, their occurrence (cf. **##"schemas"##** in **##properties.json##**), their general description (cf. **##"description"##** in **##types.json##** and **##properties.json##**), and possible references to related or matching schema types (cf. **##"translatableTo"##** in **##types.json##**) and properties (cf. **##""sameAs""##** in **##properties.json##**) of other metadata initiatives (e.g., schema.org).
126	126
127		-{{code language="json"}}
128		-{
129		- "properties": {
130		- "yearProperty": {
131		- "type": "string",
132		- "pattern": "([0-9]{4})"
133		- }
134		- }
135		-}
136		-{{/code}}
	102	+(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
	103	+This setup also allows us to define some values/entries to be automatically filled in by the openMINDS integration pipeline with each commit to one of the openMINDS repositories (**##"name"##**, **##"schemas"##**) and others to be manually editable later on (**##"description"##**, **##"translatableTo"##**, **##"sameAs"##**, **##"nameForReverseLink"##**).
137	137
138	138	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
139		-===== Properties expecting a numerical value =====
	106	+For security, outdated entries in those openMINDS vocabulary files (e.g., because the namespace of the schema type or property changed or the schema type or property was deleted) are not automatically deleted, but kept and marked as being deprecated. After evaluation, deprecated schema types or properties can be deleted manually from openMINDS vocabulary.
140	140
141	141	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
142		-(//**coming soon**//)
	109	+With that, the openMINDS vocab reflects always an up-to-date status of the schema types and properties in use across all openMINDS metadata models, while providing the opportunity to centrally review and maintain their consistency and references.
143	143
	111	+=== The openMINDS schema template syntax ===
	112	+
144	144	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
145		-===== Properties expecting another object =====
	114	+All openMINDS metadata models are defined using a light-weighted schema template syntax. Although this schema template syntax is inspired by JSON-Schema, it outsources most schema technicalities to be handled in the openMINDS integration pipeline, making the openMINDS schemas more human-readable, especially for untrained eyes. The few remaining customized technical properties which need additional interpretation are prefixed in the syntax with **##"_"##**. Within the openMINDS integration pipeline (cf. below), the schema template syntax is interpreted, extended and flexibly translated to various formal metadata formats (e.g., JSON-Schema). The specifications of the openMINDS schema template syntax are described in following.
146	146
147	147	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
148		-(//**coming soon**//)
	117	+All openMINDS schemas need to have the extension **##.schema.tpl.json##** and each schema is defined as a nested associative array (dictionary) with the following conceptual structure:
149	149
	119	+{{code language="json"}}
	120	+{
	121	+ "_type": "https://openminds.ebrains.eu/LABEL_OF_METADATA_MODEL/SCHEMA_NAME",
	122	+ "properties": {
	123	+ "PROPERTY_NAME": {
	124	+ "type": "DATA_TYPE",
	125	+ "_instruction": "METADATA_ENTRY_INSTRUCTION"
	126	+ },
	127	+ "required": [
	128	+ "PROPERTY_NAME"
	129	+ ]
	130	+}
	131	+{{/code}}
	132	+
150	150	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
151		-===== Properties expecting an array of values =====
	134	+**##"_type"##** defines the schema type (or namespace) with the depicted naming convention, where the label of the respective openMINDS metadata model (e.g., **##"core"##**) and the schema name (format: UpperCamelCase; e.g. **##"Person"##**) have to be specified. The schema name should be meaningful and provide some insides into what metadata content the schema covers.
152	152
153	153	(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
154		-(//**coming soon**//)
	137	+Under **##"properties"##** a nested associated array is defined, where each key defines the property name (format: lowerCamelCase; e.g. **##"givenName"##**) and the associated value is again a nested associated array defining the expected data **##"type"##** and the **##"_instructions"##** for entering the correct metadata for the respective property. Currently the openMINDS schema template syntax supports the following data types: **##"string, **##"integer"##**, **##"float"##**, **##"boolean"##**, **##"array"##** and **##"object"##**. Depending on the expected data type additional constraints can be made for the metadata entry of a respective property (cf. below).
155	155
	139	+(% style="text-align: justify;" %)
	140	+Under **##"required"##** a list of property names can be provided that are obligatory to be present in a correctly instantiated metadata instance of the respective schema. If none of the properties are required, this key-value pair does not have to be specified.
156	156
157	157	=== The openMINDS integration pipeline ===
158	158
159		-(//**coming soon**//)
	144	+(//**coming soon**//) If you'd like to learn more about the openMINDS integration pipeline, especially if you'd like to contribute to it, please get in touch with us (the openMINDS development team) via the issues on the openMINDS or openMINDS_generator GitHub or the support email: openminds@ebrains.eu
	145	+
	146	+{{putFootnotes/}}